Cebolla: Prevención y plagas que afectan su cultivo

por | Sep 18, 2017 | Uncategorized | 4.951 Comentarios

La cebolla es un bulbo comestible se considera originaria de Asia su consumo se remonta a más de 4000 años, cultivada desde entonces en la India, China y Egipto, inscripciones encontradas en las pirámides de Egipto hacen suponer que los hombres que las construyeron se alimentaban con esta hortaliza.

En Venezuela la cebolla es una de las hortalizas de mayor producción, se cultiva fundamentalmente en los estados Lara y Falcón, aprovechando sus suelos semiáridos, en donde se pueden encontrar temperaturas que oxidan entre 24° y 30° centígrados ideales para este tipo de cultivos. Hoy en día el cultivo se ha extendido a los estados Zulia Carabobo, Aragua y Guárico, aprovechando el alto consumo de la hortaliza y el buen rendimiento económico que se genera de su comercialización.

La cebolla es de consumo masivo como alimento utilizado para preparar ensaladas, encurtidos, ceviches y condimentar diversos platos.

Los cultivos de cebolla son atacados por innumerables tipos de plagas las que aparecen con mayor frecuencia son del tipo Trips y el llamado pasador de la hoja que atacan a los cultivos en las primeras fases del desarrollo del vegetal originando enfermedades como el “botritis” que son manchas de color blanco amarillento que aparecen en las hojas y terminan por secarlas; la “Alternaria” aparece como manchas blanquecinas en las hojas que luego se vuelven marrones  o púrpura señal de que pronto la planta morirá .

Las bacterias (Xantohormonas) producen manchas o puntos blancos en las hojas conocidas como “tizón de la hoja” las manchas se agrandan progresivamente hasta tomar un color marrón oscuro que indica que la planta no crecerá hasta la fase adulta.

Además de hongos y bacterias los sembradíos de cebolla pueden estar invadidos por diferentes tipos de maleza, en Venezuela  el más conocido es el llamado “corocillo” o coquito que se disemina fácilmente en los cultivos y es muy difícil de erradicar.

Algunos insectos  conviven con las cebollas alimentándose de sus hojas causando severos daños al vegetal, tal es el caso de la conocida “Polilla de la Cebolla”.

CONTROL DE PLAGAS:

Los expertos consideran que el mejor control está en la prevención, una buena preparación de suelos agregando abonos y fertilizantes puede hacer que la planta se haga más resistente a los efectos de los insectos, bacterias, hongos y malezas que invaden los cultivos. En los casos en donde se aprecie la aparición de los parásitos se recomienda su previa identificación antes de proceder a atacarlos con productos que aniquilen el agente invasor, seleccionando específicamente cual es el más conveniente, evitando así el control a ciegas. Otro elemento que ayuda a los agricultores venezolanos es la  siembra de especies de cebollas que previamente han demostrado ser más resistentes a los ataques de plagas.

El Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela hace especiales recomendaciones en manuales que son distribuidos entre los agricultores que se basan  fundamentalmente en la prevención. El uso de la formalina (formol al 40%) es recomendable para cubrir los semilleros con una coleta impregnada en esa solución durante 5 días, su acción previene contra hongos y bacterias. Otro producto recomendado para los semilleros es el Basamid (MDT) que debe aplicarse en la plataforma del semillero y mezclar bien con el suelo regando suavemente cada 3 0 4 días. Este producto es efectivo contra hongos, bacterias, nemátodos y maleza.

Aparte de la prevención existe el control fitosanitario, las recomendaciones son las siguientes: aplicar el control basado en insecticidas específicos de acuerdo con el agente infeccioso, para el llamado “tizón de la cebolla” se debe atacar básicamente con la desinfección del suelo y la quema de las plántulas infectadas. La conocida “Podredumbre Blanca” se previene aplicando la técnica de la rotación de cultivos, evitando la siembra en terrenos muy húmedos, se combate con una solución de Benomilo 50 % PM, a 100-150 g/Hl.

La Alternaria, descrita anteriormente, se combate químicamente con una solución compuesta por benalaxil 4% más oxicloruro de sodio 33% en forma de polvo soluble en agua.  Para la llamada “polilla de la cebolla”, también abundante en los cultivos venezolanos, se ataca con diferentes soluciones químicas entre las cuales las más usadas son: Cabaril, Edosulfan, Triclorfon, Etil-parathion y Metil-azinfos.

Además del uso de los químicos en la prevención y control de plagas existen los controles biológicos basados en el desarrollo genético de plantas resistentes a los agentes invasores, y los controles físicos con el uso de sensores instalados en los cultivos que monitorean el crecimiento de las plantas y  permiten identificar a tiempo la invasión de las plagas.

4.951 Comentarios

  2. AustPt
    AustPt el mayo 2, 2019 a las 7:42 pm

    Real Acticin Express Delivery Pills Free Consultation Viagra Cuando Se Debe Tomar Levitra Apothekenpflicht cialis Cialis Y Tadalafil

  3. AustPt
    AustPt el mayo 28, 2019 a las 12:59 am

    Keflex Dosage For Dental Abscess Quand Prendre Le Cialis Parkizol Online cialis price Best Cialis Order Online Side Effects Of Amoxicillin Cats Cialis From India

  63. MatDraige
    MatDraige el junio 25, 2019 a las 12:32 pm

    Ere To Get Cialis In Perth priligy taiwan Pharmacy Rx One Coupon Effet Cialis Viagra Viagra 50 Ou 100

  94. AustPt
    AustPt el junio 28, 2019 a las 4:58 pm

    Competencia De Kamagra Canine Dosage Amoxicillin Offshore Pharmacy Adderall Genericos De Propecia

  111. AustPt
    AustPt el julio 2, 2019 a las 11:51 am

    Synthroid 50 Mcg Canadian Pharmacy American Pharmacy Coupons buy cialis Viagra Kaufen Dortmund Kitten Amoxicillin Dosage Levaquin Tablets Secure Amex

  147. MatDraige
    MatDraige el julio 11, 2019 a las 12:07 pm

    Levitra Billig Cialis Precio Farmacia Viagra Ohne Rezept Im Ausland prix du cialis france Cialis Tadacip Cipla

  166. AustPt
    AustPt el julio 15, 2019 a las 8:46 am

    Viagra Oder Levitra Tadapox Buy viagra Bentyl Website Discount Achat Viagra A L’Unite

  189. MatDraige
    MatDraige el julio 19, 2019 a las 4:50 pm

    Tadalis Sx Sans Ordonnance En Ligne Kamagra 100 Mg Nimes Mwtformin For Wwight Loss In Canada cialis without prescription Propecia Medication Order Need Stendra Low Price Levitra Generico Milano

  191. AustPt
    AustPt el julio 19, 2019 a las 6:12 pm

    Levitra Adiccion buy accutane online safe Keflex And Pregnant Women cialis vs viagra Cialis Nebenwirkung Prix Du Viagra En Tunisie Propecia En Ligne Bon Marche

  209. how to get help in windows 10
    how to get help in windows 10 el julio 22, 2019 a las 5:16 am

    I think this is among the most significant information for me.
    And i’m glad reading your article. But should remark on some general things, The website style is ideal,
    the articles is really great : D. Good job, cheers

  210. how to get help in windows 10
    how to get help in windows 10 el julio 22, 2019 a las 5:23 am

    Hi, i read your blog occasionally and i own a similar one and
    i was just wondering if you get a lot of spam feedback?
    If so how do you prevent it, any plugin or anything you can suggest?

    I get so much lately it’s driving me crazy so any assistance is very much appreciated.

  211. how to get help in windows 10
    how to get help in windows 10 el julio 22, 2019 a las 5:28 am

    Woah! I’m really digging the template/theme of this website.
    It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times it’s difficult to get that
    «perfect balance» between user friendliness and
    visual appearance. I must say you have done a awesome job with this.
    In addition, the blog loads very fast for me on Opera. Excellent Blog!

  212. how to get help in windows 10
    how to get help in windows 10 el julio 22, 2019 a las 5:28 am

    For most up-to-date information you have to pay a visit
    world wide web and on web I found this website as a finest site for latest
    updates.

  213. how to get help in windows 10
    how to get help in windows 10 el julio 22, 2019 a las 5:50 am

    Its such as you read my thoughts! You appear to understand so much approximately this, like you wrote the guide in it or something.
    I feel that you can do with some p.c. to force the message home a little bit,
    however instead of that, that is magnificent blog. A fantastic read.

    I’ll certainly be back.

  214. how to get help in windows 10
    how to get help in windows 10 el julio 22, 2019 a las 5:56 am

    Ahaa, its pleasant discussion on the topic of this post at this place at this website, I
    have read all that, so now me also commenting at this place.

  215. how to get help in windows 10
    how to get help in windows 10 el julio 22, 2019 a las 6:02 am

    If you are going for best contents like me, just pay a quick visit this web page everyday
    because it offers feature contents, thanks

  216. how to get help in windows 10
    how to get help in windows 10 el julio 22, 2019 a las 6:15 am

    You ought to take part in a contest for one of the most useful sites on the net.
    I’m going to recommend this site!

  217. how to get help in windows 10
    how to get help in windows 10 el julio 22, 2019 a las 6:21 am

    Hi there! This post could not be written any better!
    Looking through this article reminds me of my previous roommate!
    He continually kept talking about this. I am going
    to forward this article to him. Pretty sure he will have a good read.
    I appreciate you for sharing!

  218. how to get help in windows 10
    how to get help in windows 10 el julio 22, 2019 a las 6:26 am

    Hi there! I could have sworn I’ve been to
    this website before but after reading through some of the post I realized it’s new to me.

    Nonetheless, I’m definitely happy I found it and I’ll be
    book-marking and checking back often!

  219. how to get help in windows 10
    how to get help in windows 10 el julio 22, 2019 a las 7:22 am

    Terrific article! This is the type of information that are
    supposed to be shared around the internet. Disgrace on Google
    for not positioning this post higher! Come on over and visit my web
    site . Thank you =)

  221. natalielise
    natalielise el julio 22, 2019 a las 9:27 am

    Hello, the whole thing is going perfectly here and ofcourse every one
    is sharing information, that’s actually good, keep up writing.
    natalielise plenty of fish

  249. MatDraige
    MatDraige el julio 28, 2019 a las 12:00 am

    Delicate Rx Propecia Discount Hair Loss cialis canada Viagra Sans Ordonance Baclofene Achat Ligne

  264. pof
    pof el julio 30, 2019 a las 7:41 am

    Woah! I’m really enjoying the template/theme of this blog.
    It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times it’s difficult to get
    that «perfect balance» between usability and appearance.
    I must say you’ve done a awesome job with this. In addition, the blog loads very fast
    for me on Chrome. Superb Blog!

  265. plenty of fish
    plenty of fish el julio 30, 2019 a las 7:51 am

    My partner and I absolutely love your blog and find many of your post’s to be precisely what I’m looking for.
    Do you offer guest writers to write content in your case?

    I wouldn’t mind producing a post or elaborating
    on many of the subjects you write about here.

    Again, awesome weblog!

  266. dating site
    dating site el julio 30, 2019 a las 8:04 am

    It is actually a great and useful piece of information. I am happy that
    you just shared this useful information with us.
    Please stay us up to date like this. Thanks for sharing.

  267. dating site
    dating site el julio 30, 2019 a las 8:51 am

    It’s going to be ending of mine day, but before ending I am reading this impressive paragraph to increase my experience.

  268. dating site
    dating site el julio 30, 2019 a las 10:37 am

    Hey! Quick question that’s totally off topic. Do you know how to make your site mobile friendly?
    My site looks weird when browsing from my iphone. I’m trying to find a theme or plugin that might be able to resolve this issue.
    If you have any suggestions, please share. Thank you!

  269. plenty of fish
    plenty of fish el julio 30, 2019 a las 10:38 am

    Right here is the right webpage for anyone who wishes to
    find out about this topic. You understand a whole lot its almost hard to argue with you
    (not that I actually would want to…HaHa).
    You certainly put a fresh spin on a topic that’s been discussed for decades.
    Great stuff, just wonderful!

  270. dating site
    dating site el julio 30, 2019 a las 10:52 am

    My spouse and I stumbled over here from a different website and thought I might check things out.
    I like what I see so now i am following you. Look forward to finding out about
    your web page yet again.

  271. plenty of fish
    plenty of fish el julio 30, 2019 a las 10:58 am

    An impressive share! I’ve just forwarded this
    onto a co-worker who has been conducting a little research on this.
    And he in fact ordered me lunch simply because I stumbled upon it for him…
    lol. So allow me to reword this…. Thank YOU for the meal!!
    But yeah, thanx for spending the time to discuss this issue here on your web site.

  272. plenty of fish
    plenty of fish el julio 30, 2019 a las 11:08 am

    Hi there would you mind stating which blog platform you’re
    working with? I’m looking to start my own blog in the near future but I’m having a difficult time making a decision between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal.
    The reason I ask is because your design and style seems different then most blogs and I’m looking for something unique.
    P.S Apologies for getting off-topic but I had to ask!

  273. plenty of fish
    plenty of fish el julio 30, 2019 a las 11:14 am

    Greetings! Very useful advice in this particular article!
    It is the little changes that produce the most significant changes.
    Thanks a lot for sharing!

  274. dating site
    dating site el julio 30, 2019 a las 11:21 am

    Hurrah, that’s what I was exploring for, what a data!
    present here at this web site, thanks admin of
    this web site.

  275. dating site
    dating site el julio 30, 2019 a las 11:35 am

    Amazing things here. I’m very happy to peer your article.
    Thanks so much and I’m looking forward to touch you.
    Will you please drop me a mail?

  276. plenty of fish
    plenty of fish el julio 30, 2019 a las 11:42 am

    Outstanding post however , I was wondering if you could write a litte more on this topic?
    I’d be very thankful if you could elaborate a little bit more.
    Kudos!

  277. pof
    pof el julio 30, 2019 a las 11:45 am

    I’m really enjoying the theme/design of your website.

    Do you ever run into any web browser compatibility issues?
    A few of my blog audience have complained about my website not working correctly in Explorer but looks great in Opera.

    Do you have any advice to help fix this issue?

  278. pof
    pof el julio 30, 2019 a las 11:57 am

    I am really enjoying the theme/design of your blog. Do you ever run into
    any browser compatibility problems? A small number of my blog audience have complained about my
    site not operating correctly in Explorer but looks great in Opera.

    Do you have any solutions to help fix this issue?

  279. plenty of fish
    plenty of fish el julio 30, 2019 a las 12:09 pm

    This paragraph will assist the internet people for building up new weblog or even a blog from start to end.

  280. plenty of fish
    plenty of fish el julio 30, 2019 a las 12:13 pm

    I love your blog.. very nice colors & theme. Did you create
    this website yourself or did you hire someone to do it for you?
    Plz answer back as I’m looking to create my own blog and would like to know where u got this from.
    kudos

  281. plenty of fish
    plenty of fish el julio 30, 2019 a las 12:15 pm

    An outstanding share! I’ve just forwarded this onto a co-worker who had been doing a little research
    on this. And he actually bought me lunch because I found it for him…
    lol. So allow me to reword this…. Thanks for the meal!!
    But yeah, thanks for spending the time to talk about this issue here on your
    internet site.

  282. plenty of fish
    plenty of fish el julio 30, 2019 a las 12:21 pm

    It’s hard to come by experienced people about this topic,
    but you seem like you know what you’re talking about! Thanks

  283. dating site
    dating site el julio 30, 2019 a las 12:39 pm

    This article will assist the internet users for
    building up new weblog or even a weblog from start
    to end.

  305. Tapsweankexpere
    Tapsweankexpere el agosto 1, 2019 a las 2:25 am

    fpy [url=https://cbdoilwalmart.com/#]cbd oil florida[/url]
    txn [url=https://cbdoilwalmart.com/#]buy cbd new york[/url]

  372. soacleMal
    soacleMal el agosto 1, 2019 a las 9:19 am

    wst [url=https://mehempoil.com/#]hemp oil benefits dr oz[/url]

  384. lerountoltast
    lerountoltast el agosto 1, 2019 a las 10:43 am

    jyy [url=https://cbdhempoilmed.com/#]best cbd oil[/url]
    tur [url=https://cbdhempoilmed.com/#]nutiva hemp oil[/url]

  415. shiekJems
    shiekJems el agosto 1, 2019 a las 1:53 pm

    oev

  595. soacleMal
    soacleMal el agosto 2, 2019 a las 11:34 am

    zki

  669. soacleMal
    soacleMal el agosto 2, 2019 a las 8:23 pm

    brh